- FIRST AID FOR BURNS
- The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.
- You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
- The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
- So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
- First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.
- Causes of burns
- You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
- Types of burns
- There are three types of burns.
- Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on
- which layers of the skin are burned.
- ◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin.
- These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.
- Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.
- ◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
- These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal.
- Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.
- ◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.
- Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
- These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
- Characteristics of burns
- First degree burns
- ◎ dry, red and mildly swollen
- ◎ mildly painful
- ◎ turn white when pressed
- Second degree burns
- ◎ rough, red and swollen
- ◎ blisters
- ◎ watery surface
- ◎ extremely painful
- Third degree burns
- ◎ black and white and charred
- ◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
- ◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.
- First aid treatment
- 1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
- Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
- 2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.
- It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.
- (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.
- ) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
- 3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.
- For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
- 4 Dry the burned area gently.
- Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
- 5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
- Hold the bandage in place with tape.
- Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
- 6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
- If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.
- 7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
人教版高三英语必修5 Unit5 First aid听力Mp3下载 Reading部分
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人教版高三英语必修5 Unit5 First aid听力Mp3下载 Reading部分
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